Emma Zang is a Non-Resident Fellow on Chinese Society at the Asia Society Policy Institute’s Center for China Analysis (CCA) and an Associate Professor of Sociology, Biostatistics, and Global Affairs at Yale University. She is also a Faculty Fellow at Yale’s Institution for Social and Policy Studies, the Council on East Asian Studies, and the Wu Tsai Institute.

Her research examines how public policies, demographic shifts, and technological transformations shape inequality across the life course, with a focus on family, fertility, aging, and health in both China and the United States. She has conducted extensive research on China’s declining fertility rates, shifting family structures, and the social and economic forces shaping childbearing and caregiving decisions.

Her work has appeared in the American Journal of Sociology, Demography, PNAS, and Nature Human Behaviour and has been featured in The New York Times Magazine, CNN, BBC, NBC, and The Washington Post.

Last Updated: September 16, 2025

Viewpoint

09.18.25

China’s Birth Crisis Is a Crisis of Faith in the Future

Emma Zang
In recent years, the government has offered tax breaks, housing incentives, and fertility treatment coverage to encourage family formation. But these measures are unlikely to work. China’s birth rate has fallen from 2.5 births per woman in 1990 to...